The Species Composition of Fruit Flies and Their Parasitoids on Local Red Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) In West Sumatra, Indonesia

Phước Sang Nguyễn; Novri Nelly; Reflinaldon Reflinaldon; Hidrayani Hidrayani

doi:10.25077/jijcs.v8i2.192

Authors

Phước Sang Nguyễn Doctoral student, Faculty of Agriculture, Andalas University, Padang, Indonesia
Novri Nelly Andalas University
Reflinaldon Reflinaldon Andalas University
Hidrayani Hidrayani Andalas University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.25077/jijcs.v8i2.192

Keywords:

Altitudinal distribution, Atherigona orientalis, Capsicum annuum, fruit fly assemblage, parasitoids

Abstract

Fruit fly infestation remains a major constraint in red chili production in Indonesia, yet
the identity of the dominant pest species and the role of parasitoids remain inadequately
documented in West Sumatra. This study analyzed the composition, abundance, and
distribution of fruit flies and their parasitoids associated with local red chili across
altitudinal gradients in West Sumatra. Host-rearing techniques were applied to infested
chili fruits collected from 33 locations in Agam, Solok, Tanah Datar, and Padang Pariaman
Regencies between October 2024 and March 2025. A total of 210 fruit fly individuals and
three parasitoid specimens were recovered. Atherigona orientalis dominated the assemblage
(86.7%), followed by Bactrocera dorsalis (8.6%), Silba capsicarum (3.3%), and Drosophila
melanogaster (1.4%). Parasitoids consisted of Diachasmimorpha longicaudata and Opius sp., with
very low parasitism rates (1.38-1.84%). A. orientalis was consistently present across all
regencies, altitudinal zones, and chili varieties, indicating high ecological plasticity. These
findings demonstrate a shift from the traditionally assumed dominance of B. dorsalis
toward A. orientalis as the primary pest of chili in West Sumatra and highlight the limited
contribution of natural enemies under current agroecosystem conditions. Strengthening
integrated pest management through habitat manipulation, selective cultivar use, and
biological control enhancement is strongly recommended

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