The Diversity of Warehouse Pests on Areca Nuts in the West Sumatera, Indonesia
Keywords:
areca nut, stored pest, diversity
Abstract
Areca nut is one of Indonesia’s leading export commodities that must adhere to certain phytosanitary requirements, including being pest-free. It is infested by several types of insect pests during the storage process. Therefore, this study aims to determine the diversity of warehouse pests that infest areca nuts. It was conducted using a survey method at three warehouses of large collectors and exporters of areca nut in the Padang city and the Padang Pariaman regency. The purposive sampling method was adopted to collect samples from three traders' warehouses. Furthermore, the nut was taken diagonally in a pile, namely the corner and center of 1 kg each, and repeated 4 times. The identification key was used to identify 15 insect types from 10 families and 3 orders. The Cryptolestes pusillus, C. ferugineus, and Carpophilus sp. were found with the highest number of individuals in each warehouse. The diversity index of the three warehouses is 1.78, 2.14, and 1.90 indicating a moderate level. Additionally, the similarity index between warehouses shows a high and very high level of species similarity.
References
Asghar, Muhammad Asif, Ahmed, A., Asghar, Muhammad Arif, 2020. Comparison of aflatoxins contamination levels in betel nuts (Areca catechu L.) imported from Asian countries. Agric. Food Secur. 9, 8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40066-020-00263-9
Fachrul, M.F., 2007. Bioecology Sampling Methods. Bumi Aksara, Jakarta.
FAO Food and Agriculture Organization, 2022. Top 10 Country, Export Quantity of Areca nuts [WWW Document]. FAOSTAT Ctry. Commod. URL https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#rankings/countries_by_commodity_exports (accessed 1.3.21).
Food Agriculture Organization, 2015. ISPM 1 Phytosanitary principles for the protection of plants and the application of phytosanitary measures in international trade. Food Agriculture Organization.
FSSAI Food Safety Standard Authority of India, 2011. Food Safety And Standards (Food Products Standards And Food Additives) Regulations. Food Safety Standard Authority of India, New Dehli.
Hagstrum, D.W., Klejdysz, T., Subramanyam, B., Nawrot, J. (Eds.), 2013. Atlas of stored-product insects and mites. AACC International, St. Paul, Minn.
Hagstrum, D.W., Subramanyam, B., 2009. Stored-product insect resource. AACC International, St. Paul, Minn.
IAQA Indonesian Agricultural Quarantine Agency, 2021. Indonesian Agricultural Quarantine Agency Annual Report 2020. Indonesian Agricultural Quarantine Agency, Jakarta.
IAQA Indonesian Agricultural Quarantine Agency, 2010. Plant Quarantine Export Certification System Guidelines. Indonesian Agricultural Quarantine Agency, Jakarta.
Jain, V., Garg, A., Parascandola, M., Chaturvedi, P., Khariwala, S.S., Stepanov, I., 2017. Analysis of Alkaloids in Areca Nut-Containing Products by Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry. J. Agric. Food Chem. 65, 1977–1983. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.6b05140
JETRO Japan External Trade Organization, 2011. Guidebook for Export to Japan (Food Articles). Japan External Trade Organization, Tokyo.
Miftahorrachman, Matana, Y.R., Salim, 2015. Areca nut Cultivation and Post-Harvest Technology. Indonesian Palmae Research Institute, Manado.
Ministry of Commerce, 2020. Import Policy Order. Ministry of Commerce, Islamabad.
NSAI National Standardization Agency of Indonesia, 1997. SNI 01-3450-1997 Areca nut not for medicinal purpose. National Standardization Agency of Indonesia, Jakarta.
NSAI National Standardization Agency of Indonesia, 1992. SNI 01 - 3182 - 1992. Determination of Water Content. National Standardization Agency of Indonesia, Jakarta
Rees, D., 2004. Insects of stored products. CSIRO [u.a.], Collingwood, Vic.
Rees, D.P., 2007. Insects of stored grain: a pocket reference, 2nd ed. ed. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Vic.
Sandra, S., Lizawati, L., Wilyus, W., 2021. Detection of Insect Pests in Areca Seed (Areca catechu L.) Storage Warehouses Using Several Sampling Methods. J. Media Pertan. 6, 29. https://doi.org/10.33087/jagro.v6i1.113
Schowalter, T.D., 2016. Insect ecology: an ecosystem approach, 4th edition. ed. Elsevier, Amsterdam San Diego.
Silalahi, M., 2020. Areca nut (Areca catechu) Benefits and Toxicity in Human Health. Bina Gener. J. Kesehat. 2, 26–31.
Sjam, S., 2014. Post Harvest Pest and Controlling Strategy. IPB Press, Bogor.
Statistics Indonesia, 2022. West Sumatra Province in Figures 2022. Statistics Indonesia of West Sumatra Province, Padang.
Suryani, N., Budiman, C., Hidayat, R., 2019. Mapping of Leading Commodities in the Agricultural Sector in West Sumatra Province. JOSETA J. Socio-Econ. Trop. Agric. 1. https://doi.org/10.25077/joseta.v1i2.152
Swain, S., Sachidadananda, Din, Ram, C., Bandla, G., 2016. Post harvest processing and value addition in coconut, areca nut and spices. pp. 152–157.
Thube, S.H., Pandian, R., Bhavishya, Saneera, E., Mohan, C., Nagaraja, N., 2017. Major storage insect pests of Arecanut Areca catechu L.: A Survey. J. Entomol. Zool. Stud. 5, 1471–1475.
Triplehorn, C.A., Johnson, N.F., Borror, D.J., 2005. Borror and DeLong’s introduction to the study of insects, 7th ed. ed. Thomson, Brooks/Cole, Australia.
van der Bijl, P., Stockenström, S., Vismer, H., Wyk, C.W., 1996. Incidence of fungi and aflatoxins in imported areca nut samples. South Afr. J. Sci. 92, 154–156.
Wagiman, F.X., 2019. Post Harvest Pest and Management. Gajah Mada University Press, Yogyakarta.
Warta Ekspor, 2017. Peluang Ekspor Gambir dan Biji Pinang. War. Ekspor.
Xiao, Y., Yang, Y., Yong, J., Lu, C., 2019. Chemical Components and Biological Activities of Areca catechu L. Biomed. Res. Rev. 3. https://doi.org/10.15761/BRR.1000131
Fachrul, M.F., 2007. Bioecology Sampling Methods. Bumi Aksara, Jakarta.
FAO Food and Agriculture Organization, 2022. Top 10 Country, Export Quantity of Areca nuts [WWW Document]. FAOSTAT Ctry. Commod. URL https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#rankings/countries_by_commodity_exports (accessed 1.3.21).
Food Agriculture Organization, 2015. ISPM 1 Phytosanitary principles for the protection of plants and the application of phytosanitary measures in international trade. Food Agriculture Organization.
FSSAI Food Safety Standard Authority of India, 2011. Food Safety And Standards (Food Products Standards And Food Additives) Regulations. Food Safety Standard Authority of India, New Dehli.
Hagstrum, D.W., Klejdysz, T., Subramanyam, B., Nawrot, J. (Eds.), 2013. Atlas of stored-product insects and mites. AACC International, St. Paul, Minn.
Hagstrum, D.W., Subramanyam, B., 2009. Stored-product insect resource. AACC International, St. Paul, Minn.
IAQA Indonesian Agricultural Quarantine Agency, 2021. Indonesian Agricultural Quarantine Agency Annual Report 2020. Indonesian Agricultural Quarantine Agency, Jakarta.
IAQA Indonesian Agricultural Quarantine Agency, 2010. Plant Quarantine Export Certification System Guidelines. Indonesian Agricultural Quarantine Agency, Jakarta.
Jain, V., Garg, A., Parascandola, M., Chaturvedi, P., Khariwala, S.S., Stepanov, I., 2017. Analysis of Alkaloids in Areca Nut-Containing Products by Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry. J. Agric. Food Chem. 65, 1977–1983. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.6b05140
JETRO Japan External Trade Organization, 2011. Guidebook for Export to Japan (Food Articles). Japan External Trade Organization, Tokyo.
Miftahorrachman, Matana, Y.R., Salim, 2015. Areca nut Cultivation and Post-Harvest Technology. Indonesian Palmae Research Institute, Manado.
Ministry of Commerce, 2020. Import Policy Order. Ministry of Commerce, Islamabad.
NSAI National Standardization Agency of Indonesia, 1997. SNI 01-3450-1997 Areca nut not for medicinal purpose. National Standardization Agency of Indonesia, Jakarta.
NSAI National Standardization Agency of Indonesia, 1992. SNI 01 - 3182 - 1992. Determination of Water Content. National Standardization Agency of Indonesia, Jakarta
Rees, D., 2004. Insects of stored products. CSIRO [u.a.], Collingwood, Vic.
Rees, D.P., 2007. Insects of stored grain: a pocket reference, 2nd ed. ed. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Vic.
Sandra, S., Lizawati, L., Wilyus, W., 2021. Detection of Insect Pests in Areca Seed (Areca catechu L.) Storage Warehouses Using Several Sampling Methods. J. Media Pertan. 6, 29. https://doi.org/10.33087/jagro.v6i1.113
Schowalter, T.D., 2016. Insect ecology: an ecosystem approach, 4th edition. ed. Elsevier, Amsterdam San Diego.
Silalahi, M., 2020. Areca nut (Areca catechu) Benefits and Toxicity in Human Health. Bina Gener. J. Kesehat. 2, 26–31.
Sjam, S., 2014. Post Harvest Pest and Controlling Strategy. IPB Press, Bogor.
Statistics Indonesia, 2022. West Sumatra Province in Figures 2022. Statistics Indonesia of West Sumatra Province, Padang.
Suryani, N., Budiman, C., Hidayat, R., 2019. Mapping of Leading Commodities in the Agricultural Sector in West Sumatra Province. JOSETA J. Socio-Econ. Trop. Agric. 1. https://doi.org/10.25077/joseta.v1i2.152
Swain, S., Sachidadananda, Din, Ram, C., Bandla, G., 2016. Post harvest processing and value addition in coconut, areca nut and spices. pp. 152–157.
Thube, S.H., Pandian, R., Bhavishya, Saneera, E., Mohan, C., Nagaraja, N., 2017. Major storage insect pests of Arecanut Areca catechu L.: A Survey. J. Entomol. Zool. Stud. 5, 1471–1475.
Triplehorn, C.A., Johnson, N.F., Borror, D.J., 2005. Borror and DeLong’s introduction to the study of insects, 7th ed. ed. Thomson, Brooks/Cole, Australia.
van der Bijl, P., Stockenström, S., Vismer, H., Wyk, C.W., 1996. Incidence of fungi and aflatoxins in imported areca nut samples. South Afr. J. Sci. 92, 154–156.
Wagiman, F.X., 2019. Post Harvest Pest and Management. Gajah Mada University Press, Yogyakarta.
Warta Ekspor, 2017. Peluang Ekspor Gambir dan Biji Pinang. War. Ekspor.
Xiao, Y., Yang, Y., Yong, J., Lu, C., 2019. Chemical Components and Biological Activities of Areca catechu L. Biomed. Res. Rev. 3. https://doi.org/10.15761/BRR.1000131
Published
2022-08-31
How to Cite
Ahad, M., Nelly, N. and Makky, M. (2022) “The Diversity of Warehouse Pests on Areca Nuts in the West Sumatera, Indonesia”, JERAMI : Indonesian Journal of Crop Science, 5(1), pp. 6-13. doi: 10.25077/jijcs.5.1.6-13.2022.
Issue
Section
Articles
Copyright (c) 2022 Mustopha Ahad, Novri Nelly, Muhammmad Makky
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
.png)
